REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, MATARAM — Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) mengimbau warganya untuk selalu waspada terhadap bencana banjir dan longsor. Sejak sepekan terakhir, sejumlah wilayah di NTB, baik di Pulau Lombok dan Pulau Sumbawa maupun pulau-pulau kecil yang dikenal dengan sebutan Gili tak henti-hentinya diguyur hujan.
“Pesan kita, masyarakat selalu waspada, khususnya pada kawasan yang rawan bencana banjir dan longsor maupun yang punya sejarah kejadian banjir,” ujarnya di Mataram, NTB, Kamis (2/2).
Dia menambahkan, aparat pemerintah provinsi maupun instansi terkait akan selalu siaga pada pos masing-masing terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya bencana. “Pemerintah juga terus siaga di kawasan yang siaga banjir,” lanjutnya.
Yusron menambahkan, hingga saat ini belum ada status tanggap darurat bencana baik di tingkat provinsi maupun kabupaten/kota di NTB. “Sekarang belum (tanggap darurat bencana), setelah kejadian di Bima belum ada,” katanya menambahkan.
REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, SUKABUMI — Warga Kota Sukabumi diminta mewaspadai potensi bencana alam baik banjir maupun longsor. Dalam beberapa hai terakhir ini intensitas hujan di wilayah tersebut cukup tinggi.
“Informasi dari BMKG (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika) menyebutkan intensitas hujan memang meningkat di Februari,” ujar Kepala Seksi Pencegahan dan Kesiapsiagaan, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kota Sukabumi Zulkarnain Barhami, Kamis (2/2).
Faktanya lanjut dia memang pada awal Februari ini intensitas hujan berlangsung mulai pagi, sore hingga malam hari. Kondisi tersebut, lanjut Zulkarnain, berpotensi menyebabkan bencana alam terutama banjir bandang maupun longsor, terutama menimpa daerah di sekitar bantaran sungai yang aliran air nya meluap.
Oleh karena itu masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah rawan bencana agar mewaspadai bencana tersebut. Sehingga ketika terjadi bencana maka warga bisa menyelamatkan diri ke tempat yang lebih aman.
Zulkarnain menuturkan, BPBD juga telah meminta aparat di lapangan untuk siaga menghadapi bencana. Upaya tersebut untuk mempercepat penanganan ketika terjadi bencana.Ditambahkan Zulkarnain, pada Januari 2017 lalu sejumlah bencana juga menerjang Kota Sukabumi. Data yang tercatat menunjukkan ada belasan bencana yang terjadi yang didominasi bencana longsor di sekitar aliran sungai.
THE Metro and some schools have been evacuated after a number of earthquakes struck central Italy near the capital Rome.
The first hit at around 10:25am local time with its epicentre pinpointed to just 69 miles North East of the historic city, just ten miles from Maltignano at a magnitude of 5.3 on the Richter scale.
PANGKAJENE- Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Pangkep mengingatkan warga waspada bencana alam. Seperti kabupaten kota lainnya di Sulsel, Pangkep dilanda hujan deras disertai angin kencang beberapa hari terakhir.
Jelang siang ini Pangkep hujan ringan. “Malam hari biasanya hujan deras,” kata Plt BPBD Pangkep, Herman, kepada tribunpangkep.com.
Saat ini, kata Herman, BPBD Pangkep sudah siaga bencana. “BPBD Pangkep waspada dengan menyiapkan segala persiapan seperti makanan siap saji, mobil dapur umum dan tenda darurat jikalau terjadi bencana,” katanya.
Dia menyebut angin puting beliung masih berpotensi Pangkep. Selain itu, “kita antisipasi juga longsor di wilayah pegunungan seperti di Kecamatan Balocci dan Kecamatan Tondong Tallasa,” katanya. (*)
This month’s floods are a worrisome reminder of the increasing uncertainty of extreme weather events. Thailand’s flood season usually ends in November, but this year, influenced by a low depression area and a strong northeast monsoon, widespread flooding in the south of the country has killed more than 90 people, affected over 330,000 households, and resulted in widespread asset losses.
Far from being an anomaly, however, the unpredictability of these extreme weather events may become the norm. Using a United Nations global methodology to estimate future disaster losses, we anticipate that average annual losses in Thailand due to floods will reach more than US$2.5 billion by 2030, or 0.65% of the country’s 2015 GDP, which is the equivalent of 2.6% of gross fixed capital formation, and 2% of gross savings.
The final impact on Thailand’s GDP for 2017 will depend on the duration of the floods. To date, the worst affected sector is rubber, which accounts for 1.5% of GDP and 2.4% of export revenues. The Rubber Authority of Thailand estimates that approximately 10% of the country’s rubber production has been lost so far.
As Thailand is the world’s largest exporter of rubber, accounting for 38% of world exports, a tighter global market supply may result in an increase in prices, which would somewhat mute revenue losses. Nevertheless, based on climate outlook forecasts which expected the floods to recede by the end of January, a loss of 10 to 15 billion baht could still be expected.
Measures can and must be taken to minimise the impact of these disasters.
The El Nino climate phenomena has resulted in both prolonged drought and floods in quick succession, with poor farmers in particular, bearing the brunt. The exposure of rubber farmers in southern Thailand to severe drought in 2015 and 2016 and the current floods signals a new norm of complex disaster risk.
Poverty is a contributing factor in vulnerability to these disasters because it limits income earning options. The poor are much more likely to cope by reducing spending on education and health, which in turn further weakens their recovery and reinforces the transmission of inter-generational poverty in irreversible ways. Monetary values attached to disaster losses seriously underestimate the links between poverty and disasters.
Last November, the 7th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) Climate Outlook Forum predicted a strong northeast monsoon, and the Meteorological Department forecast medium and short range floods, which helped ministries and provincial governments prepare for various flood scenarios. Nevertheless, experience demonstrates that early warning messages tend to become less effective when they reach “the last mile”.
This is not because of the lack of preparedness on the ground but rather because of the overall content of early warning messages and the way risk is communicated. Often there is a lack of communication on not only the severity of impacts, but also on what specific areas, communities, and assets are most at-risk and likely to be most affected. In other cases, communities may not receive information in time, or they may receive unreliable risk information from various media sources, including social media, which can create confusion.
To prompt action at the community level, risk information needs to be both tailored and standardised. Calibrating these two requirements is central to maintaining the credibility of risk information. Finding the right balance can be challenging, so in recognition of this the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific’s (Escap) Multi-donor Trust Fund on Tsunami, Disaster and Climate Preparedness has prioritised financial support for initiatives that have built capacity in impact-based forecasting and last mile outreach.
With the intensification of climate change effects, disasters are increasingly trans-boundary phenomena. This demands trans-boundary solutions. Actions taken on a regional cooperative basis can be particularly effective because the benefits are greater than the sum of individual responses.
Consequently, Escap has created a climate risk communication platform, the Monsoon Forum, for improved understanding of climate outlooks and seasonal forecasts in high risk-low capacity countries such as Myanmar, Lao PDR and Cambodia. Through South-South cooperation, Escap will tap into Thailand’s experience and knowledge in short and medium range forecasts and early warning communication systems, while continuing to support the integration of innovative tools and techniques for forecasting and monitoring tropical cyclones through the Panel on Tropical Cyclones and the Typhoon Committee, in partnership with the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
In partnership with the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk and the United Nations Development Programme, Escap coordinates UN intervention at all stages of the disaster cycle, while Asean and the UN have adopted a Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management. These multiple initiatives have undoubtedly helped countries to be better prepared to face disasters.
Escap will further analyse these issues in depth in the 2017 edition of the Asia-Pacific Disaster Report to be launched in October. The report will explore viable and effective methods of building the poor’s resilience to disasters, which is key to achieving the 2030 Agenda’s aspiration of leaving no-one behind in Asia and the Pacific.
SUKABUMI — Kasus bencana alam di Kabupaten Sukabumi cukup banyak di sepanjang 2016. Dampaknya, jumlah kerugian materiil akibat bencana alam mencapai puluhan miliar rupiah.
Data Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Sukabumi menyebutkan, kasus bencana alam yang terjadi pada 2016 mencapai sebanyak 627 kasus. Sementara jumlah kerugian materiil pada tahun tersebut sebesar Rp 48,9 miliar.
Koordinator Pusat Pengendalian Operasi (Pusdalops) BPBD Kabupaten Sukabumi Yana Suryana mengatakan, kasus bencana yang paling mendominasi adalah longsor. “Total kasus longsor pada tahun lalu sebanyak 352 kejadian,” ujar dia kepada Republika Ahad (29/1).
Selain longsor bencana lainnya yang cukup tinggi lanjut Yana, adalah kebakaran yang mencapai 101 kasus. Sementara kasus lainnya yakni angin kencang 94 kasus, banjir sebanyak 55 kasus, pergerakan tanah sebanyak lima kasus, tenggelam tiga kasus, dan bencana lainnya sebanyak 16 kasus.
Yana menerangkan, jumlah warga yang terkena dampak bencana sebanyak 1.242 kepala keluarga (KK) yang terdiri atas 4.135 jiwa. Total kerugian materiil akibat bencana mencapai sebesar Rp 48.955.300.000.
Menurut Yana, bencana juga merusak sarana umum seperti jembatan dan saluran air. Jumlah jembatan yang rusak akibat bencana mencapai sebanyak 69 unit dan saluran air sebanyak 61 unit.
Kepala Bidang Kedaruratan dan Logistik BPBD Kabupaten Sukabumi Usman Susilo menambahkan, pemkab telah menangani sejumlah bencana yang terjadi di sepanjang 2016 lalu. Penanganan tersebut diantaranya dengan memberikan bantuan darurat kepada para korban bencana dan penanganan pascabencana.
The international community spends around $25bn [£20bn] per year to provide life-saving assistance to people devastated by wars and natural disasters. According to the United Nations, this is $15bn [£12bn] short of what is urgently needed. Next generation technology like robotics and AI can radically increase the efficiency (time savings) and productivity (cost savings) of humanitarian efforts. Patrick Meier, humanitarian technology consultant, WeRobotics, Washington DC, US, @patrickmeier, @werobotics
2 | Encourage a ‘bottom-up’ approach
I firmly believe that technology will be a key enabler in allowing us to make humanitarian response beneficiary-driven – a 180 degree change from the top down approach we currently have. It will give beneficiaries a voice and a tool to self-organise. The big question is how long it will take the humanitarian community to adapt to this changed landscape. Gisli Rafn Olafsson, humanitarian adviser, NetHope, San Francisco, US, @gislio
3 | Share data and collaborate with other organisations
Efficiency comes when we open up our data, when we start collaborating more and when we put the beneficiary into the driver’s seat of providing us with data. We must focus on what factors are limiting our ability to respond in an efficient manner. We must improve collaboration. We must increase sharing of information. Technology can help us do that, but unless you want to work with others, and unless you want to share information and tackle the political issues we face within the humanitarian community – then technology is not a magic bullet to solve the problems of humanitarian response. Gisli Rafn Olafsson
4 | Take a rights-based approach
We must not lose sight of rights in our quest for improved outcomes. Just because you are a humanitarian organisation, it doesn’t mean the data you collect won’t be used to harm people. In fact, humanitarian organisations collect data on some of the most vulnerable populations in the world, under the most extreme threat models. At Benetech we encourage organisations to adopt end-to-end encryption wherever possible, and to adopt serious security protocols when working with data. Keith Hiatt, vice president, human rights programme, Benetech
5 | Take advantage of tech to speed-up response
Cash relief is one of the most efficient and effective forms of humanitarian response, and by taking advantage of technology advances in electronic payments we can reach people in need securely, faster and more cost effectively than many other forms of aid. Daphne Jayasinghe, senior policy and advocacy adviser, economic programmes, International Rescue Committee, London, UK @djayasinghe
6 | Don’t underestimate ‘simple’ innovations
The simple adoption of mobile data collection within humanitarian response has been one of the more impactful developments I’ve watched unfold. There’s quite a lot of attention put on to data visualisation and “big data” analytics – but the instant gratification of cutting a once day-long process of data entry into an instant upload shows that sometimes the simplest “innovations” can have the most impact. Rosa Akbari, senior technology for development adviser, Mercy Corps, New York, US, @mercycorps_uk
A drone delivers supplies and medicine in the US. Photograph: Pete Marovich/Bloomberg/Getty Images
7 | Technology is just part of the solution
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We often put too much focus on the technology – in particular on the bells and whistles of new technology. Of course it is fun to have a shiny new toy and of course, we all want to be able to use the newest buzzwords such as big data, drone etc. Technology is simply a tool that can be used to help solve problems and increase efficiency. Like other tools, if wrongly used, then they don’t increase efficiency and even create more problems than they solve. Gisli Rafn Olafsson
Technology will only ever help in humanitarian response if we’re really clear about the nature of the problem. I believe drones can be a useful part of the toolkit for assessment of disasters if they are used to complement existing assessment tools. Kate Hargreaves, director of Crown Agents Foundation, London, UK @crownagents
8 | Improve what is already available
A better problem analysis is often needed before the introduction of new technologies. More attention should be paid on how the humanitarian organisations could continually assess the development and potential of technologies and understand their impact on the changing needs of affected populations. Dikolela Kalubi, programme manager, ICRC, Geneva, Switzerland
9 | Understand the power – and pitfalls – of social media
Social media can be a useful source of information from communities where they are familiar with this technology. It is also a great way for communities to hold aid agencies to account. In Iraq, for example, many displaced people have been using social media to spread awareness of poor conditions in refugee camps. However, there are millions of people who do not have access to such tools. We need to make sure that an over-reliance on social media doesn’t exclude the most vulnerable.
In many of the countries that experience emergencies, social media users tend to be better off, male and urban. This creates a large bias in the social media traffic. The same problem exists for other methods of crowdsourcing information. Agencies should be aware of this risk and limitation. Jean-Martin Bauer, analyst, World Food Programme, Rome, Italy, @bauer_jm, @mobileVAM
10 | Leave no one behind
We have made major strides in expanding coverage of mobile technology in particular, however there are still many people who are at risk of being left behind. How do we get the next 2 billion people connected and online? The unconnected population is predominantly located in developing world markets, typically on low incomes and lacking basic and digital literacy skills. Women are disproportionately affected by these challenges. Innovation in last mile infrastructure and connectivity, digital literacy, accessibility and affordability are key issues at the policy level, but equally important are the strategies that response agencies/organisations have at the community level to ensure that no one is left behind. Kyla Reid, head of disaster response and digital identity, GSMA Mobile for Development, London, UK
11 | Make sure technology is for good
To invoke the Kranzberg’s first law of technology: “Technology is not good; nor is it bad; neither is it neutral.” Tech for good efforts might help, but they might make things worse. There is nothing intrinsic about tech that makes it always helpful or good. We are responsible for the “good” in tech. And that requires a framework, and code, that takes into account dignity, rights, and the humanity of the communities we seek to serve. Keith Hiatt
12 | Tech is only as good as the organisations that use it
We need to reshape aid so it is fit for the 21st century. This means being proactive in response to risks, collaborating across organisations, localising response and thinking about all this from the perspective of those who are affected by crises. Tech is only one part of that transformation and it will be as good or as misguided as the institutions and mindsets which utilise it. Luke Caley, crisis anticipation adviser, Start Network, London, UK @LukeCaley
JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com – Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) menerbitkan kebijakan khusus perbankan untuk daerah yang terdampak bencana alam seperti gempa bumi maupun banjir bandang, yakni Kabupaten Pidie Jaya, Kota Bima, dan Kabupaten Karo.
Upaya ini dilakukan untuk mempercepat pemulihan kinerja perbankan dan kondisi perekonomian pasca bencana alam tersebut.
Dalam pernyataannya, Rabu (25/1/2017), OJK mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan menetapkan Kabupaten Pidie Jaya, Aceh dan Kota Bima, NTB sebagai daerah yang memerlukan perlakuan khusus terhadap kredit bank yang berlaku selama tiga tahun terhitung sejak tanggal 20 Januari 2017 dan ditetapkan melalui Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.
“Selain itu, OJK juga memberikan perpanjangan jangka waktu atas penetapan beberapa kecamatan di Kabupaten Karo sebagai daerah yang memerlukan perlakuan khusus terhadap kredit bank selama 1 (satu) tahun terhitung mulai tanggal 22 Januari 2017,” ungkap Deputi Komisioner Pengawas Perbankan 1A Mulya Siregar.
Adapun kecamatan di Kabupaten Karo yang ditetapkan untuk diperpanjang sebagai daerah perlakuan khusus terhadap kredit yaitu Kecamatan Payung, Kecamatan Nawantran, Kecamatan Simpang Ampat dan Kecamatan Tiganderket.
Perlakuan khusus terhadap kredit Bank mengacu pada Peraturan Bank Indonesia (PBI) No. 8/15/PBI/2006 tentang Perlakuan Khusus Terhadap Kredit Bank Bagi Daerah-Daerah Tertentu yang Terkena Bencana Alam.
Perlakuan khusus ini meliputi penilaian kualitas kredit, berupa penetapan kualitas kredit dengan plafon maksimal Rp 5 miliar hanya didasarkan atas ketepatan membayar.
Sementara itu bagi kredit dengan plafon di atas Rp 5 miliar, penetapan Kualitas Aset tetap mengacu pada ketentuan yang berlaku, yaitu PBI No. 14/15/PBI/2012 tentang Penilaian Kualitas Aset Bank Umum.
Aspek lain adalah kualitas Kredit yang direstrukturisasi, yakni kualitas Kredit bagi Bank Umum maupun BPR yang direstrukturisasi akibat bencana alam ditetapkan Lancar sejak restrukturisasi sampai dengan jangka waktu sesuai Keputusan Dewan Komisioner.
Restrukturisasi Kredit tersebut di atas dapat dilakukan terhadap Kredit yang disalurkan baik sebelum maupun sesudah terjadinya bencana.
Selain itu, ada pula aspek pemberian Kredit Baru terhadap Debitur yang Terkena Dampak, yakni bank dapat memberikan Kredit baru bagi debitur yang terkena dampak bencana alam.
Penetapan Kualitas Kredit baru tersebut di atas dilakukan secara terpisah dengan Kualitas Kredit yang telah ada sebelumnya.
Pemberlakuan untuk bank syariah adalah berupa perlakuan khusus terhadap daerah yang terkena bencana alam berlaku bagi penyedia dana berdasarkan prinsip syariah yang mencakup pembiayaan (mudharabah dan musyarakah), piutang (murabahah, salam, istisna), sewa (ijarah), pinjaman (qardh), dan penyediaan dana lain.
MAJALENGKA – Intensitas bencana alam yang meningkat di awal tahun 2017, tidak dapat langsung di-backup lewat dana cadangan bencan alam. Hal itu karena Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (RAPBD) 2017 belum bisa dieksekusi. Walau sudah bisa diserap, mekanisme pencairannya cukup ribet.
Anggota Komisi III DPRD Kabupaten Majalengka, Ali Imron AMd menyebutkan dana tidak terduga dalam RAPBD 2017 dianggarkan Rp2 miliar. Salah satu kegunaannya untuk mem-backup upaya darurat ketika terjadi bencana alam dan bencana sosial di Kabupaten Majalengka.
Namun setiap tahunnya penyerapan dana tersebut tidak optimal karena mekanisme pencairannya sangat kompleks. Sehingga ketika terjadi bencana alam di Kabupaten Majalengka dana tersebut tidak otomatis dicairkan, karena perlu sejumlah syarat yang menjadi kewenangan kepala daerah.
“Selama ini penyerapan dana belanja tidak terduga itu tidak optimal. Dana darurat selama ini baru bisa dicairkan kalau bencananya dinyatakan darurat, baru dinas terkait mengajukan rekomendasi ke kepala daerah untuk mengeluarkan SK dan memerintahkan pencairan,” ungkapnya, Selasa (24/1).
Salah satu contoh kasus tahun anggaran 2016 lalu dianggarkan Rp1,5 miliar. Informasinya penyerapan dana tersebut minim karena mekanismenya sulit. “Katanya tahun lalu penyerapanya nihil, tapi akan kita minta data fix realisasinya,” tuturnya.
Dia mengaku setiap tahun pihaknya sudah berupaya mengalihkan pos dana kedaruratan bencana alam tersebut ke leading sector terkait, yakni Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) agar mekanisme pencairan bisa lebih cepat dan simpel. Tapi hal itu terbentur aturan yang menyatakan dana tersebut mesti disimpan di kode rekening belanja tidak terduga.
Ketua Komisi III Liling Alimukti SSos menyebutkan, dalam hasil evaluasi gubernur dana tidak terduga tersebut juga mendapat sorotan dan catatan. Gubernur menyatakan penanggarannya agar memperhatikan potensi bencana alam di Kabupaten Majalengka sepanjang 2017, serta membandingkan secara rasional realisasi penyerapan anggaran serupa di tahun 2016.
“Dalam RAPBD 2017 memang ada anggaran namanya dana belanja tidak terduga sebesar Rp2 miliar. Itu menjadi salah satu sorotan evaluasi Gubernur. Pertanyaannya apakah dana tersebut cukup untuk diserap menanggulangi kebutuhan tanggap darurat bencana alam, atau justru dianggarkan terlalu besar,” ujar dia.
Apalagi melihat potensi dan peristiwa bencana alam yang terjadi di awal tahun 2017 intensitasnya sangat tinggi. Sehingga dikhawatirkan anggaran yang tersedia itu tidak akan habis di awal-awal, jika disalurkan dan direalisasikan untuk menangani bencana alam dan sejenisnya.
Dana tersebut pemanfaatanya lebih ke penyediaan sarana prasarana atau infrastruktur rekonstruksi maupun rehabilitasi penanggulangan bencana alam. Sedangkan untuk penyediaan logistik dan penanganan bencana alam biasanya tersedia di Dinas Sosial. (azs)
