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Dana Dinas Gubernur Maluku Utara Rp20 M, Dana Bencana Rp3 M

Ternate – Dana perjalanan dinas Gubernur Maluku Utara, Abdul Gani Kasuba, untuk tahun 2017 ini mengalami lonjakan hingga mencapai Rp 20 milyar dari sebelumnya hanya mencapai Rp 9,9 milyar. Dana ini lebih besar daripada dana penangulangan bencana yang hanya sekitar 15 dari dana perjalanan dinas atau sekitar Rp 3 milyar.

Menurut data yang diperoleh Tempo, dana perjalanan dinas gubernur ini dialokasikan untuk membiayai perjalanan kegiatan konsultasi dalam daerah dan luar daerah. Jumlah fantastis ini juga digunakan untuk peningkatan pelayanan kedinasan kepala daerah.

Muabidin Radjab, Sekretaris Daerah Maluku Utara saat dihubungi Tempo, menolak memberikan tanggapan. Permintaan wawancara pun tidak ditanggapi. Sejumlah pejabat seperti Kepala rumah tangga Gubernur dan Kepala Badan Pengelolahan Keuangan Provinsi Maluku Utara, Ahmad Purbay, bahkan terkesan menghindari wartawan terkait isu ini.

Kepada Tempo, Halid Alkatiri, Kepala Biro Humas Provinsi Maluku Utara, mengatakan kenaikan anggaran perjalanan dinas gubernur Maluku Utara tahun 2017 sebesar Rp 20 milyar masih dianggap normal. Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku Utara memang membutuhkan dana perjalanan dinas yang besar untuk kepentingan daerah.

“Kami anggap masih normal, untuk rinciannya silakan tanyakan bagian keuangan, itu saja ya,” kata Halid yang dihubungi TEMPO Selasa 24 Januari 2017.

Azis Hasyim, staf pengajar Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Khairun Ternate, menilai perjalanan dinas guburnur Maluku Utara sebesar Rp 20 milliar merupakan bentuk ketidakperpihakan pemerintah terhadap kepentingan publik.

Apalagi anggaran itu diberikan saat kondisi keuangan daerah yang tidak sehat akibat terbebani tunggakan utang yang besar.

“Mestinya sebagai pemimpin harus lebih mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek yang mendorong percepatan pembangunan daerah daripada memenuhi hasrat perjalanan dinas yang sejauh ini tidak berkontribusi signifikan dalam pembengunan daerah. Bahkan justru sebaliknya membuat shock keuangan pada postur pembiayaan daerah,” kata Azis.

sumber: TEMPO.CO

GLENN McGILLIVRAY Governments should learn to pass the buck on natural disaster costs

Glenn McGillivray is managing director of the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction.

There is often a perception that the costs associated with natural disasters are paid out of many pockets, including governments of all levels, insurers, property owners and others.

The reality is that when there is a catastrophe, taxpayers are generally left to cover a substantial portion of the expenses, both directly and indirectly. Not only must they pay the insurance deductible for their own property damage and pay out of pocket for any uninsured damage they experience, but their tax dollars must also go toward paying for first response, evacuation costs, damage to public infrastructure, overtime expenses for government and/or public utility employees, and government-disaster assistance.

Consider the 2013 Alberta flood or last May’s wildfire in Fort McMurray, which prompted the federal government to direct a reported $2.8-billion and $300-million, respectively, to Alberta for disaster assistance. These are substantial unbudgeted amounts that are ultimately funded by all Canadians.

But it needn’t be this way, as there are now many traditional and non-traditional reinsurance products that can be used to transfer all but the very biggest risks off the backs of taxpayers and onto the balance sheets of some of the world’s largest and most capable risk-transfer experts.

What’s more, there are also products that can be used to smooth annually budgeted government expenses that prove to be quite volatile. Imagine an insurance product that kicks in if a city’s snow-removal expenses exceed a certain threshold, or one that reimburses a municipality or public utility if storm-related overtime costs exceed a certain amount? How about a simple stop-loss cover that kicks in if federal Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAAs) exceed a certain amount, or what if the DFAAs were laid off to the private reinsurance industry altogether? What about a parametric cover that kicks in if a rainstorm, windstorm or snowstorm of a certain size affects a community?

One of the challenges that has to be overcome is that governments typically do not leverage the many reinsurance and financial instruments that are available to them, possibly because of a reluctance to deal with the up-front costs of implementing the solution (such as having to pay an annual insurance premium for a policy that may not be triggered).

But it may just be a matter of breaking old habits.

While average people tend to be risk averse (and, therefore, purchase insurance to ensure a soft landing if a loss occurs), governments tend to be risk neutral, not insuring their assets (or insuring only certain asset classes) and usually paying for losses directly out of public coffers. This is particularly true as you go up the food chain (municipalities, especially small ones, often at least partially insure their assets while more senior levels of government tend not to).

But governments are showing a desire to get away from this model, as paying for increasingly costlier disaster-related expenses makes it challenging to finance pet projects and/or balance the books. Indeed, likely as a direct result of the 2013 Alberta flood, the federal government altered the DFAAs. Now, provinces and territories affected by a significant loss event have to absorb significantly more of the costs before obtaining disaster assistance from the federal government.

Aside from questions regarding risk aversion vs. risk neutrality, it appears that most governments are not used to thinking in terms of mitigating risk beyond traditional types of insurable losses. It isn’t even clear whether governments know that they can transfer all kinds of risk to reinsurance companies.

On the flipside, some reinsurers are not quite used to approaching certain governments about how they can help manage and temper expenses associated with natural disasters and other expenses related to severe weather. And while there are many examples around the world where private reinsurers work well with governments in the creation of very innovative risk-transfer programs, there just isn’t a long tradition of such collaboration in Canada. But this could easily be changed.

With governments at all levels showing a desire to get out of the business of financing natural-disaster losses and other volatile expenses such as snow removal and wildfire suppression, they need to be open to taking advantage of the reinsurance industry in order to lighten the financial burden that is placed on taxpayers.

This is an imperative, as the frequency and severity of natural disasters is increasing in Canada while the pressure is on for governments to cut taxes while also grow services and invest in public infrastructure.

Semua Daerah belum Penuhi Dana Bencana

BANDA ACEH – Sebanyak 13 kabupaten/kota di Aceh yang sudah menyerahkan dokumen Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Kabupaten/Kota (RAPBK) 2017 ke Dinas Keuangan Aceh, belum satu pun memenuhi kuota dana tak terduga minimal satu persen dari total RAPBK 2017. Padahal persentase itu diminta oleh Plt Gubernur Aceh Soedarmo dalam Surat Edaran (SE) Nomor 903/21663 tertanggal 7 Desember 2017 kepada para Bupati/Wali Kota.

Kepala Dinas Keuangan Aceh Jamaluddin SE MSi AK melalui Kabid Pembinaan dan Evaluasi Anggaran Kabupaten/Kota Dinas Keuangan Aceh Amirullah SE, MSI AK menyampaikan hal ini kepada Serambi, Minggu (22/1).

Menurutnya, Soedarmo meminta Dinas Keuangan membuat SE Gubernur tentang Penyelenggaraan dan Pengalokasian Dana Penanganan Bencana Alam satu persen dari total APBK masing-masing karena Aceh sering terjadi bencana berupa banjir, longsor, gempa, kebakaran, dan lainnya. “Setahun ada yang sampai dua atau tiga kali dilanda bencana banjir dan lainnya,” kata Amirullah didampingi Kasi Evaluasi Anggaran, Prayudi.

Karena itu, kata Amirullah Plt Gubernur berpendapat jika Bupati/Wali Kota bersama DPRK tak mengalokasi dana tak terduga yang memadai, ketika daerah dipimpinnya sering terkena bencana alam, maka tak bisa dibantu maksimal, baik untuk masa tanggap darurat maupun untuk penanganan selanjutnya.

Misalnya untuk membangun jembatan rusak yang menjadi kewenangan Pemkab/Pemko karena tak semua bencana alam di daerah, berstatus bencana alam provinsi atau nasional yang menjadi tanggungan Pemerintah Aceh dan pusat, seperti gempa Pijay dan Bireuen, 7 Desember 2016.

“Tapi banyak juga berstatus bencana kabupaten/kota yang semuanya harus ditanggulangi Pemkab/Pemko setempat. Misalnya banjir yang sering melanda Aceh Singkil, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Barat, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Timur, Kota Langsa, Aceh Utara, Aceh Tenggara, dan Pidie,” sebut Amirullah.

Dikonfirmasi terpisah, Ekonom dari Unsyiah, Rustam Effendi mengapresiasi langkah Plt Gubernur Aceh itu. Rustam antara lain mengatakan salah satu faktor lambannya penurunan penduduk miskin di Aceh karena penanganan bencana alam di daerah oleh Pemkab/Pemko setempat lambat.

“Sumber-sumber ekonomi masyarakat yang rusak akibat bencana alam lambat ditangani. Kondisi ini membuat kebangkitan ekonomi masyarakat jadi terhambat,” kata Rustam.

Kabid Pembinaan dan Evaluasi Anggaran Kabupaten/Kota Dinas Keuangan Aceh Amirullah SE menyebutkan di antara Pemkab/Pemko paling minim memplot dana tak terduga dalam RAPBK 2017 untuk kebutuhan bencana di daerah masing-masing adalah Pemko Langsa, hanya Rp 500 juta dari kewajibannya Rp 10,251 miliar, Sabang Rp 600 juta dari kewajibannya Rp 6,7 miliar, dan Aceh Jaya Rp 1 miliar dari kewajibannya Rp 10 miliar.

Sedangkan yang terbanyak memplot dana tak terduga untuk penanganan bencana alam, meski juga belum mencapai satu persen dari total APBK, kata Amirullah adalah Pemkab Aceh Tenggara (Agara) Rp 13,5 miliar dari kewajibannya 14,09 miliar, Aceh Besar Rp 10 miliar dari kewajibannya Rp 19 miliar, dan Pidie Rp 10 miliar dari kewajibannya Rp 22 miliar. (her)

Banjir Menerjang Enam Desa di Kabupaten Kuningan

BANDUNG, TRIBUNJABAR.CO.ID – Sedikitnya enam desa di Kecamatan Cibingbin, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat terendam banjir, Minggu (22/1/2017). Air berasal dari luapan sungai Cijalengkok yang berada di Kecamatan Cibingbin.

Kapolres Kuningan, AKBP M. Syahduddi mengatakan, peristiwa banjir tersebut terjadi sekitar pukul 17.00 WIB. Hujan yang melanda kawasan tersebut, membuat air di Sungai Cijalengkok meluap dan merendam enam desa.

“Air yang meluap kurang lebih setinggi satu meter,” ujar Syahduddi kepada Tribun saat dihubungi melalui pesan singkatnya.

Kondisi banjir yang melanda Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat, Sabtu (22/1/2017). (Foto: ISTIMEWA)

Adapun keenam desa yang terendam itu di antaranya Desa Cibingbin, Cisaat, Dukuh Badag, Bantar Panjang, Sindang Jawa, dan Sukaharja.

“Belum bisa dipastikan berapa jumlah rumah yang terendam. Masih dilakukan pendataan oleh anggota. Untuk korban jiwa untuk sementara tidak ada,” katanya. (dra)

Sungai Cijangkelok Meluap, 6 Desa di Kuningan Banjir Satu Meter

Bandung – Sungai Cijangkelok di Desa Cibingbin, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat, meluap. Akibatnya sejumlah desa terendam air hingga setinggi 1 meter.

Menurut laporan dari Polda Jabar peristiwa itu terjadi pada hari Minggu (22/1) sekitar pukul 17.00 WIB. Dilaporkan ada sekitar 6 desa yang terdampak banjir.

“Pada hari Minggu tanggal 22 Januari 2017 sekira pukul 17.00 WIB bertempat di Kec. Cibingbin Kab. Kuningan, telah terjadi peristiwa banjir yang berasal dari luapan sungai Cijangkelok di Desa/Kec.Cibingbin,” kata Kabidhumas Polda Jabar Kombes Pol Yusri Yunus dalam keterangan tertulis kepada detikcom, Minggu (22/1/2017).

Enam desa yang dilaporkan terkena dampak luapan sungai di antaranya Desa Cibingbin, Desa Cisaat, Desa Dukuh Badag, Desa Bantar Panjang, Desa Sindang Jawa, dan Desa Sukaharja. Banjir di enam desa itu hingga mencapai satu meter.

“Air meluap setinggi lebih kurang 1 meter. Namun di beberapa titik dilaporkan telah surut hingga 30 cm,” ujar Yusri.

Hingga saat ini kepolisian terus melakukan upaya koordinasi dengan Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Kuningan dan tim SAR Sat Sabhara Polres Kuningan. Petugas sudah diterjunkan di lokasi banjir.

“Melakukan pendataan kerugian maupun korban serta lokasi pengungsian korban banjir,” tutur Yusri.

Gempa 8 SR Guncang Papua Nugini, Berpotensi Tsunami

Papua Nugini – Gempa bumi berkekuatan 8,0 Skala Richter (SR) melanda Papua Nugini. US Geological Survey (USGS) memberikan peringatan potensi tsunami untuk negara-negara di sekitarnya.

Dilansir dari AFP, Minggu (22/1/2017), gempa itu terjadi pukul 15.30 waktu setempat. Lokasi gempa tersebut berada di 40 kilometer (25 mil) di sebelah barat Panguna, Papua Nugini dengan kedalaman 153 kilometer.

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre memperingatkan gelombang tsunami bisa terjadi di daerah pesisir Papua Nugini, Nauru, Vanuatu, Indonesia dan Kepulauan Solomon serta daerah lain dalam waktu tiga jam berikutnya.

Auditors praise EU disaster response

The EU’s emergency response to natural disasters and major disease outbreaks around the world is generally timely and effective, according to a new report from the European Court of Auditors.

Since September 2015, the EU’s Civil Protection Mechanism has been activated by Croatia, Greece, Slovenia and Serbia. In response, close to 780,000 individual items have been offered by 16 EU Member States, namely Austria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain and the United Kingdom.

In August 2016, Portugal has activated the EU Civil Protection Mechanism to help stop the spread of forest fires in several parts of the country.

The auditors examined the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), which is managed by the European Commission and which exists to coordinate responses to disasters worldwide. They looked at three recent international disasters for which the Mechanism had been activated: the 2014 floods in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa between 2014 and 2016, and the Nepal earthquake in 2015.

They concluded that the Commission’s management, through its 24/7 Emergency Response Coordination Centre, had been broadly effective. The activation of the UCPM had, in general, been timely and the EU civil protection teams had helped to coordinate the participating countries’ teams on the ground. This work had been made more effective by the widespread sharing of information.

The auditors found that coordination among Commission departments, as well as with other EU and non-EU bodies, had been inclusive. The Commission had also respected the United Nations’ overall lead, and had taken steps to ensure a smooth transition into the recovery phase of the disasters.

“When a disaster occurs, the reaction must be swift. Sound disaster management saves lives, and effective coordination among different responders – as we found here – is critical to the successful preparation for and response to disasters,” said Hans Gustaf Wessberg, the member of the European Court of Auditors responsible for the report. “The Commission’s coordinating role and its round-the-clock crisis centre are good examples of value added by European cooperation.”

The auditors did find areas for further improvement. They made the following recommendations to the Commission:

• identify ways to gain additional time in the early stages of disasters and during the selection and deployment of EU civil protection teams;

• develop the disaster communication and information platform to improve the overview of assistance provided and requested, to allow priorities to be followed up better and to make it more user-friendly;

• improve coordination on the ground by improving reporting, working with experts from the Humanitarian Aid directorate, and further involving EU Delegations; and

• improve reporting and accountability by automating the production of statistics and indicators.

The European Union Civil Protection Mechanism was first established in 2001. It links the participating states, the country affected and the experts in the field, distributing information and facilitating cooperation between civil protection and humanitarian aid teams. It is supported by a web-based alert and notification system.

A voluntary pool of relief teams, experts and equipment from EU countries is kept on standby and made available as soon as needed for EU civil protection missions all over the world. Since October 2014, ten countries have committed resources to the pool.

Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota Harus Segera Bergerak Ketika Terjadi Bencana

Kepala Pelaksana Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) NTB, Muhammad Rum menyatakan harapannya agar pemerintah kabupaten/kota bisa segera bertindak jika semisal di daerahnya terjadi bencana. Demikian disampaikannya pada suarantb.com, Rabu, 18 Januari 2017.

“Kalau memang kabupaten/kota sanggup melakukan penanganan dengan cepat demi warganya, lakukanlah dengan APBD kabupaten/kota. Mungkin ada hal-hal yang bisa dilakukan kabupaten/kota dilakukan dulu. Jangan menunggu bantuan dari provinsi atau dari pusat,” ujarnya.

Dengan seluruh wilayah NTB ditetapkan sebagai daerah siaga bencana, BPBD NTB mengalami kesulitan jika harus menangani banyak daerah secara bersamaan. Jika semisal ada bencana yang menimpa beberapa daerah dalam waktu bersamaan, sementara menunggu bantuan dari pusat membutuhkan waktu lama.

“Kalau menunggu bantuan pusat, kan prosedurnya panjang. Ndak bisa uangnya langsung ada, harus ada prosedurnya. Ada surat pernyataan bencana dari daerah, kemudian tunggu diusulkan dari provinsi terus ke pusat. Kemudian ada tim verifikasi lagi yang turun untuk mengecek benar atau tidak. Tapi kalau kabupaten/kota kan bisa langsung menggunakan dana tak terduganya,” jelasnya.

Baca juga: Kilo Diterjang Banjir Bandang

Rum memberikan contoh, dari banjir yang terjadi di Kabupaten Bima Selasa, 17 Januari 2017 kemarin, terdapat tanggul yang rusak akibat terjangan banjir. “Ada tanggul yang perlu diperbaiki sepanjang 150-200 meter. Kenapa ndak langsung dilakukan oleh kabupaten? Kan ndak perlu nunggu dari provinsi. Mungkin nanti pusat atau provinsi akan melakukan hal-hal yang sifatnya tidak emergency seperti pengurangan risiko bencana,” katanya.

Bencana banjir memang saat ini kerap melanda beberapa daerah di NTB. Seperti yang terjadi kembali di Bima dan Lombok Timur Selasa kemarin. Tercatat 442 rumah menjadi korban genangan air bah di Lombok Timur. Hujan lebat yang mengguyur wilayah Suela mengakibatkan Sungai Cermai yang membelah Desa Labuhan Lombok dan Desa Seruni Mumbul meluap. Dusun yang terdampak yaitu Kampung Mandar 230 rumah, Kampung Sasak 12 rumah, Kampung Banjar 50 rumah, Kampung Turingan 150 rumah.

Baca juga: Ketersediaan Air PDAM Giri Menang Tak Terpengaruh Banjir

Hujan lebat yang mengguyur Kabupaten Bima akibat hujan sepanjang siang hari di wilayah selatan juga mengakibatkan banjir di Kecamatan Tente, Cenggu, Ngali, Ncera dan Langgudu, yang merendam satu SMP, empat rumah dan area persawahan serta merobohkan tanggul setinggi sepuluh meter. Genangan air berkisar antara 40-70 sentimeter. Hari ini, banjir di kedua wilayah tersebut telah surut. Rum juga menyatakan pihak BPBD Lotim telah membantu warga membersihkan sisa-sisa banjir. (ros)

Yogyakarta Peduli Aceh

Tim Klaster Kesehatan dalam Program DIY Peduli Gempa Aceh

Pembaca website bencana kesehatan, mulai 24 Desember 2016 dapat menyimak laporan harian kondisi penanganan Gempa Pidie Jaya, Aceh dari DIY Peduli Gempa Aceh. Dari provinsi telah ditetapkan masa tanggap darurat berakhir pada 20 Desember 2016 lalu dan memasuki masa transisi hingga 90 hari kedepan. Namun dari Kabupaten Pidie Jaya masa tanggap darurat ini diperpanjang hingga 27 Desember 2016.

Simak selengkapnya pada link berikut:

Pengantar

Hari 1: 24 Desember 2016

Hari 2: 25 Desember 2016

Hari 3: 26 Desember 2016

Hari 4: 27 Desember 2016

Caribbean steps up earthquake risk reduction

BRIDGETOWN, Barbados, 16 January 2017 – Seven years on from the devastating earthquake in Haiti, countries from across the Caribbean are working hard to reduce the risks posed by seismic threats, as part of their wider drive towards sustainable development.

The magnitude-7.0 quake of 12 January, 2010, claimed around 150,000 lives and affected over three million people.

Earthquakes are the single-most destructive form of natural hazard in the Caribbean. Many countries within the region face the specter of future quakes, which occur when strain accumulation on segments of the adjacent tectonic plate boundary exceeds breaking point. To a large extent, the resulting damage will depend on the choice of risk management measures – notably building standards – that are implemented to avoid or reduce vulnerability to strong shaking.

Efforts to improve such risk management have gathered pace over recent months. Over 150 participants from around the region met at the Caribbean Urban Seismic Risk Forum in Haiti’s capital Port-au-Prince in September 2016.

The forum offered an provided an opportunity for Caribbean countries to chart a path to sustainable development through the exchange of experiences, information-sharing and the joint development of the ‘Regional Roadmap on Urban Seismic Risk Management in the Caribbean’.

“It provides the basis for the kind of concerted action that is needed by a wide range of stakeholders in the region. In any Caribbean island, a much larger proportion of the buildings and infrastructure were likely built before effective seismic codes were implemented and less than 2% of this stock is replaced per year. For this reason, the threat of damage to any one nation is potentially catastrophic,” said Dr. Richard Robertson, Director of the Seismic Research Centre of the University of the West Indies, whose institution was part of the team that crafted the Roadmap.

At the session, Haiti’s Minister of the Interior and Local Authorities François Anick Joseph emphasized the importance of managing seismic risk in a region that is seeing fast-pace urbanization, compounding the vulnerability of small, developing economies.

The Roadmap will assist stakeholders from local, national and regional levels as well as public, private and civil society sectors, to identify, implement and report on actions taken in their various spheres of work on risk governance, understanding urban seismic risk, mitigation and preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction, public awareness and education, risk finance and transfer, and business continuity planning.

Mr. Ronald Jackson, Executive Director of the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) lauded the plan.

“I would like to reiterate CDEMA’s support for the utilization of the Roadmap from a regional lens, including the coordinating, monitoring and reporting scope of involvement in the future,” he said.

“There is certainly evidence that the operational coordination capacity for adverse events has improved in Haiti. However, we still lament the fact that building standards have not advanced at the pace to ensure that new construction is more resistant to seismic events certainly of the magnitude Haiti experienced on January 12, 2010. The Roadmap presents an opportunity for this issue to be advanced both at the policy and programmatic level within Haiti so that in the future we may see a drastic reduction in mortality to earthquakes,” he added.

The Roadmap was developed with challenges in mind such as poor risk governance, insufficient preparedness, and the need for improved scientific knowledge in order to refine regional natural hazards maps, ineffective building regulation framework, limited enforcement of building codes and natural hazards damage mitigation as part of the planning system, and inadequate risk financing.

Mr. Ricardo Mena, Head of UNISDR’s Americas office, commended Haiti and the region for taking the initiative to increase resilience in urban areas and thereby implement the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, a 15-year global blueprint adopted in 2015.

Experts from across the region including the Haitian state agencies, The Seismic Research Centre of University of the West Indies, the Council of Caribbean Engineering Organizations, the Mona Earthquake Unit, the Puerto-Rico Seismic Network and representatives of National Disaster Management Organizations provided guidance on the state of play along with recommendations of key next steps to improve the current status of urban seismic risk management in Caribbean countries.

Mr. Fritz Deshommes, Rector of the State University of Haiti, stressed the importance of scientific research as the basis for decision-making processes. “The University, the State, the technical and financial partners, and civil society entities, must work in symbiosis for efficient seismic risk reduction action in urban areas in the Caribbean region,” he said.

Work on the Roadmap was financially supported by the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, and the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance.